Inclusive Environments - Part I

Inclusive Environments for RICS APC Candidates – Part I

How to design and deliver spaces that meet the diverse needs of users

Inclusive environments are those that are accessible, safe, comfortable and functional for all people, regardless of their age, gender, ability, ethnicity, religion or any other characteristic. Inclusive environments are not only a matter of social justice and human rights, but also a source of innovation, creativity and economic growth. As construction professionals, RICS APC candidates have a responsibility to ensure that the spaces they create and manage are inclusive and responsive to the needs of the users and the wider society.

In this blog post, we will explore some of the key aspects of inclusive environments that RICS APC candidates should be aware of and demonstrate in their professional practice. We will also provide some references to the RICS guidance notes and the UK legislation that support the delivery of inclusive environments. Finally, we will give some examples of real-life projects that showcase good practice in inclusive design and management.

The key titles that are going to be discussed in this blogpost are:

• Recognising diverse user needs in respect of age, gender, ability, ethnicity, religion, etc

• Equality legislation

• Planning legislation and requirements

• Building regulations and codes

• Accessibility

1 Recognising diverse user needs in respect of age, gender, ability, ethnicity, religion, etc

One of the first steps in creating inclusive environments is to recognise and understand the diverse needs and preferences of the potential users of the space. This requires engaging with the users and stakeholders, conducting research and analysis, and applying inclusive design principles and methods. Inclusive design is an approach that aims to create spaces that are usable by the widest range of people possible, without the need for adaptation or specialised design. Inclusive design considers the diversity of human abilities, characteristics and behaviours, and seeks to accommodate them in the design process and outcomes.

Some of the inclusive design principles and methods that RICS APC candidates should be familiar with are:

• The social model of disability, which recognises that disability is not a personal attribute, but a result of the interaction between a person and their environment. The social model of disability shifts the focus from fixing the person to removing the barriers in the environment that prevent their full participation and inclusion.

• The user-centred design process, which involves engaging with the users and stakeholders throughout the design and delivery stages, and involving them in the decision-making and feedback mechanisms. User-centred design ensures that the users' needs, preferences and experiences are at the heart of the design solutions.

• The inclusive design toolkit, which is a collection of tools and resources that help designers and practitioners to apply inclusive design principles and methods in their projects. The inclusive design toolkit includes tools such as the user personas, the user journey maps, the inclusive design standards, the inclusive design checklist, and the inclusive design evaluation tools. [1]

Some of the RICS guidance notes and UK legislation that support the recognition of diverse user needs are:

• The RICS professional statement on inclusive environments, which sets out the obligations and expectations of RICS members and regulated firms in relation to inclusive environments. The professional statement covers the principles and benefits of inclusive environments, the legal and regulatory framework, the professional competencies and skills, and the best practice guidance. [2]

• The Equality Act 2010, which is the main piece of legislation that protects people from discrimination, harassment and victimisation on the basis of protected characteristics, such as age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. The Equality Act 2010 also imposes a duty on public authorities and those who exercise public functions to have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity and foster good relations between different groups. [3]

Some of the examples of real-life projects that demonstrate good practice in recognising diverse user needs are:

• The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, which was designed and delivered as a legacy of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and is now a vibrant and inclusive urban park that caters for a wide range of users and activities. The park features accessible and adaptable facilities, such as the Aquatics Centre, the Copper Box Arena, the Velodrome and the Stadium, as well as inclusive and sustainable public spaces, such as the South Park Plaza, the North Park Hub and the Wetlands Walk. The park also hosts a variety of events and programmes that promote social inclusion, community engagement and cultural diversity.

• The Centre of Independent Living in Northern Ireland was designed and built with the involvement and input of the users and stakeholders, and reflects their needs and aspirations. The centre features accessible and flexible spaces, such as the reception, the training rooms, the meeting rooms, the offices and the kitchen, as well as inclusive and welcoming design elements, such as the colour scheme, the signage, the artwork and the furniture. [5]

2 Equality legislation

Another key aspect of creating inclusive environments is to comply with the relevant equality legislation and regulations that apply to the construction sector and the built environment. Equality legislation and regulations aim to protect people from discrimination, harassment and victimisation on the basis of protected characteristics, such as age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. Equality legislation and regulations also impose a duty on public authorities and those who exercise public functions to have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity and foster good relations between different groups.

Some of the equality legislation and regulations that RICS APC candidates should be aware of and comply with are:

• The Equality Act 2010, which is the main piece of legislation that protects people from discrimination, harassment and victimisation on the basis of protected characteristics, such as age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. The Equality Act 2010 also imposes a duty on public authorities and those who exercise public functions to have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity and foster good relations between different groups. [3]

• The Public Sector Equality Duty, which is a specific duty under the Equality Act 2010 that requires public authorities and those who exercise public functions to have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity and foster good relations between different groups. The Public Sector Equality Duty applies to the design and delivery of public services, policies and programmes, as well as the procurement and commissioning of goods and services. [6]

• The Equality and Human Rights Commission, which is the independent statutory body that oversees the enforcement and promotion of the Equality Act 2010 and the Human Rights Act 1998. The Equality and Human Rights Commission provides guidance and advice on equality and human rights issues, conducts research and analysis, monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of the legislation and regulations, and takes legal action against breaches and violations. [7]

Some of the examples of real-life projects that demonstrate good practice in complying with equality legislation and regulations are:

• The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work, which is a framework for the design and delivery of construction projects that incorporates the principles and requirements of the Equality Act 2010 and the Public Sector Equality Duty. The RIBA Plan of Work includes a stage called 'Prepare and Brief', which involves identifying and engaging with the users and stakeholders, conducting research and analysis, and developing the project brief and the design vision. The RIBA Plan of Work also includes a stage called 'Handover and Close Out', which involves evaluating the performance and outcomes of the project, and ensuring that the users and stakeholders are satisfied and supported. [8]

• The Equality Impact Assessment (EqIA), which is a tool that helps public authorities and those who exercise public functions to assess the potential impact of their policies, programmes and services on different groups of people, and to identify and mitigate any adverse or negative effects. The EqIA involves collecting and analysing relevant data and evidence, consulting and engaging with the affected groups and stakeholders, and monitoring and reviewing the results and actions. The EqIA is a legal requirement under the Public Sector Equality Duty, and is also a good practice for any organisation that wants to ensure that their activities are fair, inclusive and effective. [9]

3 Planning legislation and requirements

Another key aspect of creating inclusive environments is to comply with the relevant planning legislation and requirements that apply to the construction sector and the built environment. Planning legislation and requirements aim to regulate the development and use of land and buildings, and to ensure that they are in accordance with the national and local policies and objectives. Planning legislation and requirements also aim to promote sustainable development, which is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Some of the planning legislation and requirements that RICS APC candidates should be aware of and comply with are:

• The Town and Country Planning Act 1990, which is the main piece of legislation that governs the planning system in England and Wales. The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 establishes the principles and procedures for the granting or refusal of planning permission, the enforcement of planning control, the designation of conservation areas and listed buildings, and the preparation of development plans and policies.[10]

• The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, which is the main piece of legislation that reforms and updates the planning system in England and Wales. The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 introduces a new system of regional and local development plans and policies, a new system of development management and decision-making, a new system of community involvement and consultation, and a new system of compulsory purchase and compensation. [11]

• The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), which is the main document that sets out the government's planning policies and objectives for England. The NPPF provides guidance and advice on how to apply the planning legislation and requirements, and how to achieve sustainable development. The NPPF covers a range of topics and issues, such as housing, transport, environment, heritage, design, health and wellbeing, and inclusive and safe communities. [12]

Some of the examples of real-life projects that demonstrate good practice in complying with planning legislation and requirements are:

• The King's Cross Central development, which is a major mixed-use regeneration project that transforms a former industrial site into a new urban district in London. The King's Cross Central development was granted planning permission in 2006, following a comprehensive and collaborative planning process that involved the developers, the local authorities, the stakeholders and the public. The King's Cross Central development follows the principles and objectives of the NPPF, and delivers a high-quality and sustainable place that provides housing, employment, education, culture, leisure and transport facilities. The King's Cross Central development also incorporates inclusive and accessible design features, such as the Granary Square, the Skip Garden and the Agar Grove Estate. [13]

• The Eden Project, which is a popular visitor attraction and educational charity that showcases the diversity and interdependence of life on Earth. The Eden Project was granted planning permission in 1998, following a rigorous and innovative planning process that involved the developers, the local authorities, the stakeholders and the public. The Eden Project follows the principles and objectives of the NPPF, and delivers a low-impact and sustainable place that conserves and enhances the natural environment, promotes social and economic development, and raises awareness and understanding of global issues. The Eden Project also incorporates inclusive and accessible design features, such as the Biomes, the Core, the Rainforest Canopy Walkway and the Invisible Worlds exhibition. [14]

4 Building regulations and codes

Another key aspect of creating inclusive environments is to comply with the relevant building regulations and codes that apply to the construction sector and the built environment. Building regulations and codes aim to ensure that the design and construction of buildings and structures are safe, healthy, accessible and efficient. Building regulations and codes also aim to support the delivery of sustainable development, which is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Some of the building regulations and codes that RICS APC candidates should be aware of and comply with are:

• The Building Regulations 2010, which are the main set of rules that govern the design and construction of buildings and structures in England and Wales. The Building Regulations 2010 cover a range of aspects and requirements, such as structure, fire safety, ventilation, drainage, energy efficiency, accessibility and security. [15]

• The Approved Documents, which are the main source of guidance and advice on how to comply with the Building Regulations 2010. The Approved Documents provide practical examples and solutions for meeting the requirements of the Building Regulations 2010, and are regularly updated and revised to reflect the changes and developments in the industry and the legislation. [16]

• The British Standards, which are the main source of technical standards and specifications for the design and construction of buildings and structures in the UK. The British Standards are developed and published by the British Standards Institution (BSI), which is the national standards body and a member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The British Standards cover a range of topics and issues, such as materials, products, systems, methods, processes and services. [17]

Some of the examples of real-life projects that demonstrate good practice in complying with building regulations and codes are:

• The Library of Birmingham, which is a modern and iconic public library that provides a range of services and facilities for the people of Birmingham and beyond. The Library of Birmingham was designed and built in accordance with the Building Regulations 2010 and the Approved Documents, and achieved a high level of performance and quality in terms of structure, fire safety, ventilation, drainage, energy efficiency, accessibility and security. The Library of Birmingham also followed the British Standards for the selection and use of materials, products, systems and methods, and achieved a high level of durability, reliability and functionality. [18]

• The Bullitt Center, which is a green and innovative office building that aims to be the most energy efficient and environmentally friendly commercial building in the world. The Bullitt Center was designed and built in accordance with the Building Regulations 2010 and the Approved Documents, and achieved a high level of performance and quality in terms of structure, fire safety, ventilation, drainage, energy efficiency, accessibility and security. The Bullitt Center also followed the British Standards for the selection and use of materials, products, systems and methods, and achieved a high level of sustainability, resilience and adaptability. [19]

5 Accessibility

Accessibility is a cornerstone of inclusive design within the built environment, ensuring that spaces are usable by people of all abilities. RICS guidance notes on inclusive environments emphasize the importance of adhering to legal requirements such as the Equality Act 2010 in the UK, which mandates that reasonable adjustments be made to ensure disabled individuals have equal access to services and facilities. This encompasses features like wheelchair ramps, widened doorways, and accessible restroom facilities. [2], [3]

One notable real-life example of inclusive design is the redevelopment of King's Cross Station in London, where extensive efforts were made to improve accessibility for passengers with disabilities. These efforts included the installation of step-free access, tactile paving for visually impaired individuals, and clear signage throughout the station. Such initiatives not only comply with legal obligations but also demonstrate a commitment to creating spaces that are welcoming and functional for everyone, regardless of their physical abilities. [20]

Furthermore, accessibility in the built environment extends beyond mere compliance with legal standards; it's about fostering inclusivity and enabling participation for all. Another compelling case study highlighting the importance of accessibility is the Tate Modern in London. The Tate Modern, a renowned art gallery housed in a converted power station, underwent a significant renovation in 2016, which included enhancements to its accessibility features. Prior to the renovation, the Tate Modern had limited accessibility, with challenges such as uneven flooring and restricted access to certain areas. However, the renovation project aimed to rectify these issues by implementing a range of accessibility measures. This included the installation of ramps and lifts to ensure step-free access to all floors, the incorporation of tactile paving for visually impaired visitors, and the provision of accessible restroom facilities. These improvements not only complied with legal obligations under the Equality Act 2010 but also reflected the Tate Modern's commitment to making art accessible to everyone, regardless of their physical abilities. By creating a more inclusive environment, the Tate Modern not only expanded its audience but also set a precedent for other cultural institutions to follow suit in prioritizing accessibility in their design and operations. [21]

6 Conclusion

In conclusion, creating inclusive environments within the built environment requires a comprehensive approach that addresses diverse user needs, complies with relevant legislation and regulations, and prioritizes accessibility. By recognizing the diverse needs and preferences of potential users, engaging with stakeholders, and applying inclusive design principles, construction professionals can ensure that spaces are usable by the widest range of people possible. Compliance with equality legislation, such as the Equality Act 2010 and the Public Sector Equality Duty, is essential to protect individuals from discrimination and promote equality of opportunity. Real-life examples, such as the redevelopment of King's Cross Station and the Tate Modern in London, demonstrate the tangible benefits of prioritizing accessibility and inclusivity in design and construction projects. These examples not only enhance the usability of spaces for individuals with disabilities but also foster a sense of belonging and community for all users. Ultimately, by integrating inclusive practices into every stage of the design and construction process, we can create built environments that are welcoming, functional, and equitable for everyone.

7 References

1. Inclusive Design Toolkit. Available at: https://www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/

2. RICS Professional statement on inclusive environment. Available at: https://www.rics.org/uk/upholding-professional-standards/sector-standards/building-surveying/inclusive-environment-1st-edition/

3. UK Equality Act 2010. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents

4. The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park case study. Available at: https://www.queenelizabetholympicpark.co.uk/.

5. The Centre for Independent Living Northern Ireland. Available at: https://www.cilbelfast.org/

6. The Public Sector Equality Duty. Available online at https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/advice-and-guidance/public-sector-equality-duty.

7. The Equality and Human Rights Commission's. Available at: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en.

8. The RIBA Plan of Work. Available online at https://www.ribaplanofwork.com/.

9. The EqIA guidance and template are available online at https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/advice-and-guidance/equality-impact-assessment.

10. The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 is available online at https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/8/contents.

11. The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 is available online at https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/5/contents.

12. The NPPF is available online at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-policy-framework--2.

13. The King's Cross Central development. Available at: https://www.kingscross.co.uk/.

14. The Eden Project. Available at: https://www.edenproject.com/.

15. The Building Regulations 2010 are available online at https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/2214/contents/made.

16. The Building Regulations 2010 Approved Documents are available online at https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/approved-documents.

17. The British Standards are available online at https://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/standards/.

18. The Library of Birmingham case study. Available at: https://www.libraryofbirmingham.com/.

19. The Bullitt Center case study. Available at: website is https://bullittcenter.org/.

20. "King's Cross Station: Redevelopment", Network Rail, Accessed January 2022, [https://www.networkrail.co.uk/who-we-are/our-history/iconic-infrastructure-projects/kings-cross-station-redevelopment/]

21. "Tate Modern: Accessibility", Tate, Accessed January 2022, [https://www.tate.org.uk/visit/tate-modern/accessibility]